Genómica populacional do agente patogénico de origem alimentar Listeria monocytogenes no contexto da segurança alimentar e da iniciativa "Uma Só Saúde"

The research outlined in the PopGenListeria project addresses a major challenge - improving our understanding of the genomic dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) populations. This knowledge is critical to understanding why certain strains of Lm persist in food processing environments (FPEs). In addition, we aim to assess the human health risks associated with these persistent strains. The PopGenListeria project aims to identify which genes are associated with the adaptation and persistence of Listeria in the food production environment, and which of these are also present in the strains that are pathogenic to humans. We aim to unveil what forces drive their adaptation to these environments. Do they arise from zoonotic transmission or evolve within facilities? If the latter, what are the main drivers of this evolution and what are the best gene/product targets for the elimination of these strains? Is the persistence of Lm associated with an improved virulence of Lm in humans? In summary, the primary objectives of the project encompass the following: 1. Identify genes or pathways acting as biomarkers for bacterial persistence. These biomarkers can be used for tracking outbreaks and serve as targets for developing innovative strategies to eliminate bacteria from food factories. 2. Uncover a set of genes associated with resistance against disinfection agents and protocols used in FPEs. The identification of these genes aims to provide insights for adopting diverse strategies to eradicate Lm from FPEs. 3. Investigate whether the persistence of Lm in FPEs stems from contamination with strains originating in primary production, with a focus on assessing the potential risk to human health. 4. Contribute to enhancing sanitary conditions and ensuring food safety for national food products. 5. Foster collaboration and disseminate knowledge to various stakeholders, such as researchers, farmers, or industry, involved in the project. 6. Contribute to the advanced training of researchers pursuing master's and doctoral degrees, instilling in them a critical sense in the analysis and discussion of results. The objectives of the study are ambitious and represent a paradigm shift in research methodology. As a comprehensive investigation, the PopGenListeria project incorporates both exploratory and supervised as well as unsupervised learning approaches. This methodology offers a significant advantage in that it allows new genes, patterns, or pathways involved in the persistence phenomenon to be discovered, clear of any preconceived notions, that can be subsequently tested. In addition, the project makes use of a remarkable collection of Lm isolates acquired through collaboration with consortium partners. The project integrates expertise in microbiology, epidemiology, genetics, public health, genomics, bioinformatics, and computational learning. Stakeholders, especially producers, will gain valuable knowledge. They will receive recommendations on how to prevent the formation of persistent strains and explore alternative disinfection methods. Our commitment extends to significant investment in proactive stakeholder communication.