Impressão 3D na pré-fabricação de painéis de fachada modulares customizáveis termicamente otimizados

This proposal outbreaks essential challenges to the design and the industry to implement the customisation of prefabricated off-site elements for MC considering its thermal optimization. The increasing energy efficiency concerns is pushing buildings to become more thermally efficient, due to climatic changes. So, new research is focusing on finding solutions with thermal properties adjustable to varying climatic conditions. Together with the construction industrialization paradigm, it is important to establish chains and methodologies that can respond with an integrated solution adapted to these variations. The design team (architects, designers, and engineers) must strictly work together to respond to the following main defies: 1. Making the industrialization part of the design process and consider the construction an assembly of off-site products, defying not only for design team but also to the construction process. 2. Integrating in the design the performance parameters concerning the thermal behavior of the building system. Architects and engineers must follow IPD methodologies to calibrate the formal and performance aspects of the solution. 3. Understand the constraints and capacities that 3DCP offers to the design parametrisation. The possibility of designing the panel in 3D enables the possibility of creating forms that can enhance the thermal condition of the wall system, such as shadow, natural ventilation, or others. Once again, architects and engineers must collaborate to define the criteria for implementing these parameters. To the construction industry, the main challenges are: 1. Implementing the automation of the process of making customised prefabricated components. 2. Articulating the information with the design teams through a collaborative PD. Therefore, in this proposal, the main scientific challenges are: 1. Creating an effective IPD methodology that gathers the conditions and requisites of all the intervenient in the process; 2. The exploration of the CIW materials that can improve the mortar behavior must be accurately studied by the architects. Then, chemical and civil engineers will be responsible for developing the best mortars that can improve the thermal behavior and by the mechanical engineer to ensure its capacity to be extruded; 3. Integrating CIW in the mortars ensuring quantities enough to respond to the supply chain. The results obtained will create a repository of 3DCP possibilities, paving the way for the exploration of new materiality’s in design and architecture. This proposal seeks to go beyond current state-of-the-art examples by leveraging the capabilities of 3DCP technology for the prefabrication of thermo-efficient façade panels. While existing advances in ceramics and earth materials offer valuable insights, this project aims to combine design optimization, taking inspiration from IAAC's Terraperforma project (IAAC, 2016), with the mortars’ explorations conducted by StudioRAP in ceramics (StudioRAP, 2023), and apply them to 3DCP technology. By harnessing the full potential of this innovative technology, this approach aims to innovate the prefabrication sector with customisation and efficiency. This initiative aims to offer façade solutions that are not only optimal in terms of thermal efficiency but also captivating with their aesthetic appeal, support sustainability principles, and can be flexibly adapted to the unique requirements of different projects.